382 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
382 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
|
# Concurrent Ruby
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[](http://badge.fury.io/rb/concurrent-ruby)
|
|||
|
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby)
|
|||
|
|
[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/rubyconcurrency/concurrent-ruby)
|
|||
|
|
[](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
|
|||
|
|
[-devs%20%26%20users-brightgreen.svg)](https://gitter.im/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Modern concurrency tools for Ruby. Inspired by
|
|||
|
|
[Erlang](http://www.erlang.org/doc/reference_manual/processes.html),
|
|||
|
|
[Clojure](http://clojure.org/concurrent_programming),
|
|||
|
|
[Scala](http://akka.io/),
|
|||
|
|
[Haskell](http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Applications_and_libraries/Concurrency_and_parallelism#Concurrent_Haskell),
|
|||
|
|
[F#](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dsyme/archive/2010/02/15/async-and-parallel-design-patterns-in-f-part-3-agents.aspx),
|
|||
|
|
[C#](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/hh191443.aspx),
|
|||
|
|
[Java](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/package-summary.html),
|
|||
|
|
and classic concurrency patterns.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby/master/docs-source/logo/concurrent-ruby-logo-300x300.png" align="right" style="margin-left: 20px;" />
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The design goals of this gem are:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* Be an 'unopinionated' toolbox that provides useful utilities without debating which is better
|
|||
|
|
or why
|
|||
|
|
* Remain free of external gem dependencies
|
|||
|
|
* Stay true to the spirit of the languages providing inspiration
|
|||
|
|
* But implement in a way that makes sense for Ruby
|
|||
|
|
* Keep the semantics as idiomatic Ruby as possible
|
|||
|
|
* Support features that make sense in Ruby
|
|||
|
|
* Exclude features that don't make sense in Ruby
|
|||
|
|
* Be small, lean, and loosely coupled
|
|||
|
|
* Thread-safety
|
|||
|
|
* Backward compatibility
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Contributing
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**This gem depends on
|
|||
|
|
[contributions](https://github.com/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby/graphs/contributors) and we
|
|||
|
|
appreciate your help. Would you like to contribute? Great! Have a look at
|
|||
|
|
[issues with `looking-for-contributor` label](https://github.com/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Alooking-for-contributor).** And if you pick something up let us know on the issue.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Thread Safety
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
*Concurrent Ruby makes one of the strongest thread safety guarantees of any Ruby concurrency
|
|||
|
|
library, providing consistent behavior and guarantees on all four of the main Ruby interpreters
|
|||
|
|
(MRI/CRuby, JRuby, Rubinius, TruffleRuby).*
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Every abstraction in this library is thread safe. Specific thread safety guarantees are documented
|
|||
|
|
with each abstraction.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
It is critical to remember, however, that Ruby is a language of mutable references. *No*
|
|||
|
|
concurrency library for Ruby can ever prevent the user from making thread safety mistakes (such as
|
|||
|
|
sharing a mutable object between threads and modifying it on both threads) or from creating
|
|||
|
|
deadlocks through incorrect use of locks. All the library can do is provide safe abstractions which
|
|||
|
|
encourage safe practices. Concurrent Ruby provides more safe concurrency abstractions than any
|
|||
|
|
other Ruby library, many of which support the mantra of
|
|||
|
|
["Do not communicate by sharing memory; instead, share memory by communicating"](https://blog.golang.org/share-memory-by-communicating).
|
|||
|
|
Concurrent Ruby is also the only Ruby library which provides a full suite of thread safe and
|
|||
|
|
immutable variable types and data structures.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
We've also initiated discussion to document [memory model](docs-source/synchronization.md) of Ruby which
|
|||
|
|
would provide consistent behaviour and guarantees on all four of the main Ruby interpreters
|
|||
|
|
(MRI/CRuby, JRuby, Rubinius, TruffleRuby).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Features & Documentation
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**The primary site for documentation is the automatically generated
|
|||
|
|
[API documentation](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/index.html) which is up to
|
|||
|
|
date with latest release.** This readme matches the master so may contain new stuff not yet
|
|||
|
|
released.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
We also have a [IRC (gitter)](https://gitter.im/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Versioning
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* `concurrent-ruby` uses [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/)
|
|||
|
|
* `concurrent-ruby-ext` has always same version as `concurrent-ruby`
|
|||
|
|
* `concurrent-ruby-edge` will always be 0.y.z therefore following
|
|||
|
|
[point 4](http://semver.org/#spec-item-4) applies *"Major version zero
|
|||
|
|
(0.y.z) is for initial development. Anything may change at any time. The
|
|||
|
|
public API should not be considered stable."* However we additionally use
|
|||
|
|
following rules:
|
|||
|
|
* Minor version increment means incompatible changes were made
|
|||
|
|
* Patch version increment means only compatible changes were made
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### General-purpose Concurrency Abstractions
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Async](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Async.html):
|
|||
|
|
A mixin module that provides simple asynchronous behavior to a class. Loosely based on Erlang's
|
|||
|
|
[gen_server](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/gen_server.html).
|
|||
|
|
* [ScheduledTask](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/ScheduledTask.html):
|
|||
|
|
Like a Future scheduled for a specific future time.
|
|||
|
|
* [TimerTask](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/TimerTask.html):
|
|||
|
|
A Thread that periodically wakes up to perform work at regular intervals.
|
|||
|
|
* [Promises](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises.html):
|
|||
|
|
Unified implementation of futures and promises which combines features of previous `Future`,
|
|||
|
|
`Promise`, `IVar`, `Event`, `dataflow`, `Delay`, and (partially) `TimerTask` into a single
|
|||
|
|
framework. It extensively uses the new synchronization layer to make all the features
|
|||
|
|
**non-blocking** and **lock-free**, with the exception of obviously blocking operations like
|
|||
|
|
`#wait`, `#value`. It also offers better performance.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### Thread-safe Value Objects, Structures, and Collections
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Collection classes that were originally part of the (deprecated) `thread_safe` gem:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Array](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Array.html) A thread-safe
|
|||
|
|
subclass of Ruby's standard [Array](http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Array.html).
|
|||
|
|
* [Hash](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Hash.html) A thread-safe
|
|||
|
|
subclass of Ruby's standard [Hash](http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Hash.html).
|
|||
|
|
* [Set](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Set.html) A thread-safe
|
|||
|
|
subclass of Ruby's standard [Set](http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.4.0/libdoc/set/rdoc/Set.html).
|
|||
|
|
* [Map](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Map.html) A hash-like object
|
|||
|
|
that should have much better performance characteristics, especially under high concurrency,
|
|||
|
|
than `Concurrent::Hash`.
|
|||
|
|
* [Tuple](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Tuple.html) A fixed size
|
|||
|
|
array with volatile (synchronized, thread safe) getters/setters.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Value objects inspired by other languages:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Maybe](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Maybe.html) A thread-safe,
|
|||
|
|
immutable object representing an optional value, based on
|
|||
|
|
[Haskell Data.Maybe](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.2.0.1/docs/Data-Maybe.html).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Structure classes derived from Ruby's [Struct](http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Struct.html):
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [ImmutableStruct](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/ImmutableStruct.html)
|
|||
|
|
Immutable struct where values are set at construction and cannot be changed later.
|
|||
|
|
* [MutableStruct](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/MutableStruct.html)
|
|||
|
|
Synchronized, mutable struct where values can be safely changed at any time.
|
|||
|
|
* [SettableStruct](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/SettableStruct.html)
|
|||
|
|
Synchronized, write-once struct where values can be set at most once, either at construction
|
|||
|
|
or any time thereafter.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Thread-safe variables:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Agent](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Agent.html): A way to
|
|||
|
|
manage shared, mutable, *asynchronous*, independent state. Based on Clojure's
|
|||
|
|
[Agent](http://clojure.org/agents).
|
|||
|
|
* [Atom](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Atom.html): A way to manage
|
|||
|
|
shared, mutable, *synchronous*, independent state. Based on Clojure's
|
|||
|
|
[Atom](http://clojure.org/atoms).
|
|||
|
|
* [AtomicBoolean](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/AtomicBoolean.html)
|
|||
|
|
A boolean value that can be updated atomically.
|
|||
|
|
* [AtomicFixnum](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/AtomicFixnum.html)
|
|||
|
|
A numeric value that can be updated atomically.
|
|||
|
|
* [AtomicReference](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/AtomicReference.html)
|
|||
|
|
An object reference that may be updated atomically.
|
|||
|
|
* [Exchanger](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Exchanger.html)
|
|||
|
|
A synchronization point at which threads can pair and swap elements within pairs. Based on
|
|||
|
|
Java's [Exchanger](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/Exchanger.html).
|
|||
|
|
* [MVar](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/MVar.html) A synchronized
|
|||
|
|
single element container. Based on Haskell's
|
|||
|
|
[MVar](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.8.1.0/docs/Control-Concurrent-MVar.html) and
|
|||
|
|
Scala's [MVar](http://docs.typelevel.org/api/scalaz/nightly/index.html#scalaz.concurrent.MVar$).
|
|||
|
|
* [ThreadLocalVar](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/ThreadLocalVar.html)
|
|||
|
|
A variable where the value is different for each thread.
|
|||
|
|
* [TVar](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/TVar.html) A transactional
|
|||
|
|
variable implementing software transactional memory (STM). Based on Clojure's
|
|||
|
|
[Ref](http://clojure.org/refs).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### Java-inspired ThreadPools and Other Executors
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* See the [thread pool](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/file.thread_pools.html)
|
|||
|
|
overview, which also contains a list of other Executors available.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### Thread Synchronization Classes and Algorithms
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [CountDownLatch](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/CountDownLatch.html)
|
|||
|
|
A synchronization object that allows one thread to wait on multiple other threads.
|
|||
|
|
* [CyclicBarrier](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/CyclicBarrier.html)
|
|||
|
|
A synchronization aid that allows a set of threads to all wait for each other to reach a common barrier point.
|
|||
|
|
* [Event](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Event.html) Old school
|
|||
|
|
kernel-style event.
|
|||
|
|
* [ReadWriteLock](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/ReadWriteLock.html)
|
|||
|
|
A lock that supports multiple readers but only one writer.
|
|||
|
|
* [ReentrantReadWriteLock](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/ReentrantReadWriteLock.html)
|
|||
|
|
A read/write lock with reentrant and upgrade features.
|
|||
|
|
* [Semaphore](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Semaphore.html)
|
|||
|
|
A counting-based locking mechanism that uses permits.
|
|||
|
|
* [AtomicMarkableReference](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/AtomicMarkableReference.html)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### Deprecated
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Deprecated features are still available and bugs are being fixed, but new features will not be added.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* ~~[Future](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Future.html):
|
|||
|
|
An asynchronous operation that produces a value.~~ Replaced by
|
|||
|
|
[Promises](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises.html).
|
|||
|
|
* ~~[.dataflow](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent.html#dataflow-class_method):
|
|||
|
|
Built on Futures, Dataflow allows you to create a task that will be scheduled when all of
|
|||
|
|
its data dependencies are available.~~ Replaced by
|
|||
|
|
[Promises](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises.html).
|
|||
|
|
* ~~[Promise](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promise.html): Similar
|
|||
|
|
to Futures, with more features.~~ Replaced by
|
|||
|
|
[Promises](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises.html).
|
|||
|
|
* ~~[Delay](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Delay.html) Lazy evaluation
|
|||
|
|
of a block yielding an immutable result. Based on Clojure's
|
|||
|
|
[delay](https://clojuredocs.org/clojure.core/delay).~~ Replaced by
|
|||
|
|
[Promises](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises.html).
|
|||
|
|
* ~~[IVar](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/IVar.html) Similar to a
|
|||
|
|
"future" but can be manually assigned once, after which it becomes immutable.~~ Replaced by
|
|||
|
|
[Promises](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises.html).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Edge Features
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
These are available in the `concurrent-ruby-edge` companion gem.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
These features are under active development and may change frequently. They are expected not to
|
|||
|
|
keep backward compatibility (there may also lack tests and documentation). Semantic versions will
|
|||
|
|
be obeyed though. Features developed in `concurrent-ruby-edge` are expected to move to
|
|||
|
|
`concurrent-ruby` when final.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Actor](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Actor.html): Implements
|
|||
|
|
the Actor Model, where concurrent actors exchange messages.
|
|||
|
|
*Status: Partial documentation and tests; depends on new future/promise framework; stability is good.*
|
|||
|
|
* [Channel](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Channel.html):
|
|||
|
|
Communicating Sequential Processes ([CSP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating_sequential_processes)).
|
|||
|
|
Functionally equivalent to Go [channels](https://tour.golang.org/concurrency/2) with additional
|
|||
|
|
inspiration from Clojure [core.async](https://clojure.github.io/core.async/).
|
|||
|
|
*Status: Partial documentation and tests.*
|
|||
|
|
* [LazyRegister](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/LazyRegister.html)
|
|||
|
|
* [LockFreeLinkedSet](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Edge/LockFreeLinkedSet.html)
|
|||
|
|
*Status: will be moved to core soon.*
|
|||
|
|
* [LockFreeStack](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/LockFreeStack.html)
|
|||
|
|
*Status: missing documentation and tests.*
|
|||
|
|
* [Promises::Channel](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Promises/Channel.html)
|
|||
|
|
A first in first out channel that accepts messages with push family of methods and returns
|
|||
|
|
messages with pop family of methods.
|
|||
|
|
Pop and push operations can be represented as futures, see `#pop_op` and `#push_op`.
|
|||
|
|
The capacity of the channel can be limited to support back pressure, use capacity option in `#initialize`.
|
|||
|
|
`#pop` method blocks ans `#pop_op` returns pending future if there is no message in the channel.
|
|||
|
|
If the capacity is limited the `#push` method blocks and `#push_op` returns pending future.
|
|||
|
|
* [Cancellation](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Cancellation.html)
|
|||
|
|
The Cancellation abstraction provides cooperative cancellation.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The standard methods `Thread#raise` of `Thread#kill` available in Ruby
|
|||
|
|
are very dangerous (see linked the blog posts bellow).
|
|||
|
|
Therefore concurrent-ruby provides an alternative.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* <https://jvns.ca/blog/2015/11/27/why-rubys-timeout-is-dangerous-and-thread-dot-raise-is-terrifying/>
|
|||
|
|
* <http://www.mikeperham.com/2015/05/08/timeout-rubys-most-dangerous-api/>
|
|||
|
|
* <http://blog.headius.com/2008/02/rubys-threadraise-threadkill-timeoutrb.html>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
It provides an object which represents a task which can be executed,
|
|||
|
|
the task has to get the reference to the object and periodically cooperatively check that it is not cancelled.
|
|||
|
|
Good practices to make tasks cancellable:
|
|||
|
|
* check cancellation every cycle of a loop which does significant work,
|
|||
|
|
* do all blocking actions in a loop with a timeout then on timeout check cancellation
|
|||
|
|
and if ok block again with the timeout
|
|||
|
|
* [Throttle](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/Throttle.html)
|
|||
|
|
A tool managing concurrency level of tasks.
|
|||
|
|
* [ErlangActor](http://ruby-concurrency.github.io/concurrent-ruby/master/Concurrent/ErlangActor.html)
|
|||
|
|
Actor implementation which precisely matches Erlang actor behaviour.
|
|||
|
|
Requires at least Ruby 2.1 otherwise it's not loaded.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Supported Ruby versions
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* MRI 2.0 and above
|
|||
|
|
* JRuby 9000
|
|||
|
|
* TruffleRuby are supported.
|
|||
|
|
* Any Ruby interpreter that is compliant with Ruby 2.0 or newer.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Actually we still support mri 1.9.3 and jruby 1.7.27 but we are looking at ways how to drop the support.
|
|||
|
|
Java 8 is preferred for JRuby but every Java version on which JRuby 9000 runs is supported.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The legacy support for Rubinius is kept but it is no longer maintained, if you would like to help
|
|||
|
|
please respond to [#739](https://github.com/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby/issues/739).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Usage
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Everything within this gem can be loaded simply by requiring it:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
require 'concurrent'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
*Requiring only specific abstractions from Concurrent Ruby is not yet supported.*
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
To use the tools in the Edge gem it must be required separately:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
require 'concurrent-edge'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If the library does not behave as expected, `Concurrent.use_stdlib_logger(Logger::DEBUG)` could
|
|||
|
|
help to reveal the problem.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Installation
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```shell
|
|||
|
|
gem install concurrent-ruby
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
or add the following line to Gemfile:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
gem 'concurrent-ruby', require: 'concurrent'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
and run `bundle install` from your shell.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Edge Gem Installation
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The Edge gem must be installed separately from the core gem:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```shell
|
|||
|
|
gem install concurrent-ruby-edge
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
or add the following line to Gemfile:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
gem 'concurrent-ruby-edge', require: 'concurrent-edge'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
and run `bundle install` from your shell.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### C Extensions for MRI
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Potential performance improvements may be achieved under MRI by installing optional C extensions.
|
|||
|
|
To minimise installation errors the C extensions are available in the `concurrent-ruby-ext`
|
|||
|
|
extension gem. `concurrent-ruby` and `concurrent-ruby-ext` are always released together with same
|
|||
|
|
version. Simply install the extension gem too:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
gem install concurrent-ruby-ext
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
or add the following line to Gemfile:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
gem 'concurrent-ruby-ext'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
and run `bundle install` from your shell.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
In code it is only necessary to
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```ruby
|
|||
|
|
require 'concurrent'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The `concurrent-ruby` gem will automatically detect the presence of the `concurrent-ruby-ext` gem
|
|||
|
|
and load the appropriate C extensions.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### Note For gem developers
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
No gems should depend on `concurrent-ruby-ext`. Doing so will force C extensions on your users. The
|
|||
|
|
best practice is to depend on `concurrent-ruby` and let users to decide if they want C extensions.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Maintainers
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Petr Chalupa](https://github.com/pitr-ch) (lead maintainer, point-of-contact)
|
|||
|
|
* [Jerry D'Antonio](https://github.com/jdantonio) (creator)
|
|||
|
|
* [Chris Seaton](https://github.com/chrisseaton)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Special Thanks to
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Brian Durand](https://github.com/bdurand) for the `ref` gem
|
|||
|
|
* [Charles Oliver Nutter](https://github.com/headius) for the `atomic` and `thread_safe` gems
|
|||
|
|
* [thedarkone](https://github.com/thedarkone) for the `thread_safe` gem
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
and to the past maintainers
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Michele Della Torre](https://github.com/mighe)
|
|||
|
|
* [Paweł Obrok](https://github.com/obrok)
|
|||
|
|
* [Lucas Allan](https://github.com/lucasallan)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
and to [Ruby Association](https://www.ruby.or.jp/en/) for sponsoring a project
|
|||
|
|
["Enhancing Ruby’s concurrency tooling"](https://www.ruby.or.jp/en/news/20181106) in 2018.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## License and Copyright
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
*Concurrent Ruby* is free software released under the
|
|||
|
|
[MIT License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The *Concurrent Ruby* [logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ruby-concurrency/concurrent-ruby/master/docs-source/logo/concurrent-ruby-logo-300x300.png) was
|
|||
|
|
designed by [David Jones](https://twitter.com/zombyboy). It is Copyright © 2014
|
|||
|
|
[Jerry D'Antonio](https://twitter.com/jerrydantonio). All Rights Reserved.
|